SEMANTICS
Semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic expressions. The
language can be a natural language, such as English or Navajo, or an artificial
language, like a computer programming language. Meaning in natural languages is
mainly studied by linguists. In fact, semantics is one of the main branches of
contemporary linguistics. Theoretical computer scientists and logicians think
about artificial languages. In some areas of computer science, these divisions
are crossed. In machine translation, for instance, computer scientists may want
to relate natural language texts to abstract representations of their meanings;
to do this, they have to design artificial languages for representing meanings.
Meaning
relations
The relation of meaning can be intangible stuff. Below is described some form of relation of meaning.
1.
synonymy
Semantically Verhaar (1978) defines synonymy as expression (can be a word, phrase, or sentence) that maknanuya approximately equal to the meaning of another expression. For example the word bad and the ugly is du pieces synonyms; flowers, flower, and flower are the three words that are synonymous. The relationship of meaning between the two words are synonymous is two-way. However, the two words are synonymous it; the similarities are not one hundred percent, just less alone. Similarity is not absolute.
2.
Antonym
and Opposition
Semantically Verhaar (1978) defines antonymy as: expression (usually in the form of words, but can also be in the form of a phrase or sentence) whose meaning is considered the opposite of the meaning of another expression. For example the word nice berantonimi with a bad word; berantonimi big word with the word small.
Similarly, synonyms, antonyms was not absolute. That is why in the above restrictions, Verhaar states "... whose meaning is considered the opposite of another meaning of the phrase" So, only considered the opposite. Not the absolute opposite.
In connection with this many are calling the opposition of meaning. By the term opposition, then it could be included on the concept that really contrary to the nature of contrast alone. The word of life and death, might be an example of the opposite; but black and white may be the only example of contrast.
3.
Homonymy,
Homofoni, and Homografi
Homonymy is 'relation between the meaning of the same words written or pronounced the same, but the meaning is different'. The words are written the same but different meanings called homograph, while pronounced the same but different meanings are called homophones. Examples homograph is a word know (the food) is berhomografi with the word know (understand), was said period (time) berhomofoni by mass (the amount of which become a single unit).
4. Hiponimi and Hipernimi
Hiponimi is 'a relation of meaning related to coverage of the specific meaning within the meaning generis, as the meaning of orchids in flower meaning, meaning cat in the meaning of the beasts'. Orchids, roses, and tulips berhiponimi with flowers, while cats, goats, and horses berhiponimi with animals. Interest is a superordinate (hipernimi, hiperonim) for orchids, roses, and tulips, while the animals into subordination of cats, goats, and horses.
5. polysemy
Polysemy commonly defined as a unit of language (especially the word, could also phrase) that has more than one meaning. For example the head of the Indonesian word meaning (1) part of the body from the neck up; (2) part of which is located on the top or front is essential or particularly like the cream, the head of the table, and the head of the train; (3) part of a globular head, as the head of the nail and the head of a pin; (4) the leader or chairman as the school principal, head office, and the head of the station; (5) people or people as in the phrase Each head receives assistance IDR 5000, - .; and (6) akggnmnal favor as in the sentence, His body was large but empty head.
6. ambiguity
Ambiguity or ketaksaab often defined as ambiguous or ambiguous. Multiplicity of meaning in the ambiguity comes from the larger grammatical units, which is a phrase or sentence and occur as a result of a different interpretation of the grammatical structure. For example the phrase new history books can be interpreted as (1) a new history book was published, (2) the book contains the history of a new era.
7.
Redundancy
The term redundancy is often defined as 'excessive use of segmental elements in a form of speech'. The ball is kicked eg Si Badrih sentence, their meaning will not change when said ball is kicked by Si Badrih. The use of the word by the second sentence is regarded as something redundant, excessive and unnecessary.
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